{"id":254701,"date":"2026-06-16T11:04:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/slovak-esops-in-practice-what-works-and-where-are-the-risks\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T11:10:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:10:02","slug":"slovak-esops-in-practice-what-works-and-where-are-the-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/slovak-esops-in-practice-what-works-and-where-are-the-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovak ESOPs in Practice: What Works and Where Are the Risks?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How can you motivate key people in a company to think like co-owners rather than \u201cordinary employees\u201d? Peter Varga and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Demo from the Highgate Group discussed this and other topics with Juraj Hrbat\u00fd, founder of the investment firm Finax,   <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pnHJhuC5eT0?si=7czyOxZ6SsmCnz1B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>in episode 42 of the Highgate Talks podcast <\/strong><\/a><strong>. The interview addressed the topic of how ESOP programs operate in Slovakia, their legal and tax limitations, as well as why an ownership mindset can be more powerful than the salary itself.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>An ESOP isn&#8217;t just a benefit. It&#8217;s a culture of ownership <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the podcast, Juraj Hrbat\u00fd openly admitted that his motivation to build a culture of ownership stemmed from a previous work experience, when he first acquired a stake in a company. According to him, it was precisely this experience that fundamentally changed his motivation and the way he thinks about work. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is why, from the very beginning, Finax has sought out people with an entrepreneurial mindset\u2014not employees who simply \u201cdo their minimum,\u201d but people who want to actively build the company, bring new ideas to the table, and take ownership of the results.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The design of incentive parameters for ESOP plans is one of the areas we at Highgate Group have long focused on when structuring ESOP plans. In practice, we often find that motivation in the form of potential future returns is not enough. What matters is a combination of psychology, legal structure, and the tax efficiency of the incentive plan.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pnHJhuC5eT0?si=9f_KnzHRExMYbaNo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You can watch<\/a> the full <strong>Highgate Talks #42<\/strong> podcast with Juraj Hrbat\u00fd on how the ESOP works at Finax, ownership culture, employee motivation, and the legal and tax challenges involved in issuing employee shares here:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Ako motivova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed ako founder: ESOP, ktor\u00fd funguje | Highgate Talks #42\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pnHJhuC5eT0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From &#8220;empty promises&#8221; to real action<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finax did not start out with a sophisticated legal structure. The first versions of the ESOP program operated largely on the basis of trust and internal agreements. The reason was simple: for many years, Slovak legislation regarding ESOPs was complicated and tax-inefficient.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gradually, however, Finax transitioned to a model of actual employee stock ownership. Today, the company distinguishes between: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;big ESOP&#8221; for senior management,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Small ESOP&#8221; for team leaders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The incentive structure itself is also interesting. Shares are not distributed automatically. Their allocation is tied to the company\u2019s growth in value and the achievement of specific KPIs.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finax also conducts regular company valuations, either during actual investment rounds or using internal valuation models.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The biggest problem? Slovak law and taxes <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The discussion naturally turned to the issue that currently concerns most Slovak ESOPs: uncertainty regarding the legal enforceability and tax efficiency of incentive schemes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most hotly debated topics was the taxation of employee shares acquired at par value. Although the 2023 Slovak amendment was intended to create more favorable conditions for the taxation of ESOPs, participants in the discussion noted that its wording still raises several issues of interpretation. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is precisely the area we focus on intensively at Highgate Group. In practice, it\u2019s not enough simply to \u201chave an ESOP.\u201d What matters most is:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>as it is legally defined,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>what tax risks it creates,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>how it works when an employee leaves,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and whether the entire model is realistically defensible before the tax authority or an investor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other major topics include the so-called &#8220;Good Leaver\/Bad Leaver&#8221; mechanisms, buybacks of shares and equity interests, protection of founders, and the conflict between the flexibility of ESOPs and the rigidity of Slovak labor law. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-254685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/body_1.jpg 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Slovakia is still searching for a viable ESOP model<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, Finax is among the companies that are attempting to systematically build a culture of ownership on a larger scale. The company has already distributed shares to employees representing approximately 10 to 11% of the company\u2019s equity and is simultaneously working toward a future IPO. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, this example also shows that the Slovak ESOP landscape is still evolving. Companies often find themselves torn between: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>what motivates people,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>legal feasibility,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tax efficiency,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the practical implementation of the entire structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is precisely why setting up a high-quality ESOP today requires a combination of legal, tax, and practical considerations.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can listen to the full interview about the ESOP program in practice on our <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pnHJhuC5eT0?si=9f_KnzHRExMYbaNo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Highgate Talks #42 podcast.<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are the Highgate Group, modern advisors for your law, tax and accounting under one roof.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:78px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are interested in this topic, please do not hesitate to contact us:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tom\u00e1\u0161 Demo, email: tomas.demo@highgate.sk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on setting up ESOP programs, please visit this section of our website: <a href=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/tag\/employee-actions\/\">Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP)<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are interested, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/contact\/\">subscribe to our newsletter<\/a> for interesting practical legal and tax information.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can address your specific questions during a consultation with our partner Tom\u00e1\u0161 Demo, who also specializes in ESOP programs. You can schedule a consultation here:   <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/produkt\/comprehensive-consultation-with-tomas-demo\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/highgate.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/banner-konzultacia-komplexna-Tomas.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How can you motivate key people in a company to think like co-owners rather than \u201cordinary employees\u201d? Peter Varga and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Demo from the Highgate Group discussed this and other topics with Juraj Hrbat\u00fd, founder of the investment firm Finax, in episode 42 of the Highgate Talks podcast . The interview addressed the topic of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":254691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[128],"class_list":["post-254701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interesting-topics","tag-employee-actions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254701"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":254702,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254701\/revisions\/254702"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/254691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highgate.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}